The United States Intelligence Community appropriated usage of the term disinformation in the 1950s from the Russian dezinformatsiya,
In the post-Soviet era, disinformation evolved to become a key tactic in the military doctrine of Russia.[30]
The European Union and NATO saw Russian disinformation in the early 21st century as such a problem that they both set up special units to analyze and debunk fabricated falsehoods[30]. NATO founded a modest facility in Latvia to respond to disinformation[31] and, following agreement by heads of state and governments in March 2015 the EU created the European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force, which publishes weekly reports in its website "EU vs Disinfo"[32]. The website and its partners identified and debunked over 3,500 pro-Kremlin disinformation cases between September 2015 and November 2017[32].
Methods used by Russia during this period included its Kremlin-controlled mouthpieces: news agency Sputnik News and television outlet Russia Today (RT).[30] When explaining the 2016 annual report of the Swedish Security Service on disinformation, representative Wilhelm Unge stated: "We mean everything from Internet trolls to propaganda and misinformation spread by media companies like RT and Sputnik."[30]
In the post-Soviet era, disinformation evolved to become a key tactic in the military doctrine of Russia.[30]
The European Union and NATO saw Russian disinformation in the early 21st century as such a problem that they both set up special units to analyze and debunk fabricated falsehoods[30]. NATO founded a modest facility in Latvia to respond to disinformation[31] and, following agreement by heads of state and governments in March 2015 the EU created the European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force, which publishes weekly reports in its website "EU vs Disinfo"[32]. The website and its partners identified and debunked over 3,500 pro-Kremlin disinformation cases between September 2015 and November 2017[32].
Methods used by Russia during this period included its Kremlin-controlled mouthpieces: news agency Sputnik News and television outlet Russia Today (RT).[30] When explaining the 2016 annual report of the Swedish Security Service on disinformation, representative Wilhelm Unge stated: "We mean everything from Internet trolls to propaganda and misinformation spread by media companies like RT and Sputnik."[30]
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